→Sicily
（→Sicily） |
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==== Sicily ==== | ==== Sicily ==== | ||
* Went to Messina to collect his sister's dowry from Count Tancred of Lecce. | * Went to Messina to collect his sister's dowry from '''Count Tancred of Lecce'''. | ||
* Tancred refused | * Tancred refused | ||
* Richard attacked Messina and gained control on October 4. | * Richard attacked Messina and gained control on October 4. | ||
* Richard extorted 40,000 gold ounces from Tancred to finance the crusade. | * Richard extorted '''40,000 gold ounces''' from Tancred to finance the crusade. | ||
==== Cyprus ==== | ==== Cyprus ==== | ||
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* Encountered missing ships that were stranded on Cyprus when leaving Sicily | * Encountered missing ships that were stranded on Cyprus when leaving Sicily | ||
* Invaded Cyprus | * Invaded Cyprus | ||
* Sold the island to the Templars for 100,000 bezants. | * Sold the island to the Templars for '''100,000 bezants'''. | ||
==== Acre ==== | ==== Acre ==== | ||
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* Richard joined Philip with his fleet and participated in the siege. | * Richard joined Philip with his fleet and participated in the siege. | ||
* Together, their forces destroyed the walls of Acre, and the Muslim garrison surrendered. | * Together, their forces destroyed the walls of Acre, and the Muslim garrison surrendered. | ||
* A month-long argument over the king of Jerusalem delayed progress after the surrender. | * A month-long '''argument over the king of Jerusalem''' delayed progress after the surrender. | ||
* Guy | * Guy became king for life, followed by Conrad. | ||
* Philip returned to France on July 31, 1191, leaving Richard as the clear commander of the crusade. | * Philip returned to France on July 31, 1191, leaving Richard as the clear commander of the crusade. | ||
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* Began a 70-mile march towards Jaffa. | * Began a 70-mile march towards Jaffa. | ||
* Well organised army | * Well organised army | ||
* Knights divided into three divisions and marching in columns. | * Knights '''divided into three divisions''' and marching in columns. | ||
* Infantry protected the knights from raids and surprise attacks | * '''Infantry protected the knights''' from raids and surprise attacks | ||
* Baggage train marched on the right. | * Baggage train marched on the right. | ||
* Leadership and careful planning ensured the safe arrival of the crusaders at Jaffa. | * Leadership and careful planning '''ensured the safe arrival''' of the crusaders at Jaffa. | ||
* Monitored the march formation closely and made preparations to maintain its integrity. | * Monitored the march formation closely and made preparations to maintain its integrity. | ||
=== Consulting Local Leaders === | === Consulting Local Leaders === | ||
Army advanced towards Jerusalem | * Goal of the Third Crusade: Recapture Jerusalem | ||
* Army advanced towards Jerusalem | |||
Listened to advice from the Templars and Hospitallers | * Listened to advice from the Templars and Hospitallers | ||
* Believed that the army could not win and that dealing with Saladin was necessary. | |||
Believed that the army could not win and that dealing with Saladin was necessary. | * Turned back to refortify the abandoned city of Ascalon. | ||
* Sought a '''truce''' with Saladin | |||
Turned back to refortify the abandoned city of Ascalon. | * Christians retaining control of the coastal territory | ||
* Christian pilgrims allowed access to Jerusalem's holy shrines. | |||
Sought a truce with Saladin | |||
Christians retaining control of the coastal territory | |||
Christian pilgrims allowed access to Jerusalem's holy shrines. | |||
=== However === | === However === | ||
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==== Betrothal of Richard and Alice ==== | ==== Betrothal of Richard and Alice ==== | ||
* Richard wanted to marry Berengaria of Navarre | * Richard wanted to marry '''Berengaria''' of Navarre | ||
** For an alliance against his old enemy Count Raymond of Toulouse. | ** For an alliance against his old enemy '''Count Raymond of Toulouse'''. | ||
** but was already betrothed to Alice, Philip's sister | |||
* He hid this plan from Philip. | * He hid this plan from Philip. | ||
| 第285行： | 第280行： | ||
* Two rival claimants: | * Two rival claimants: | ||
** Conrad: Philip’s cousin | ** '''Conrad: Philip’s cousin''' | ||
** Guy: feudatory of Richard | ** '''Guy: feudatory of Richard''' | ||
* Increased the strain on the crusade | * Increased the strain on the crusade | ||
* When Richard arrived at Tyre on 6 June | * When Richard arrived at Tyre on 6 June | ||