用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/William and Church Notes

Reform

Lanfranc

• Archbishop of Canterbury under William I
• In power from 1070-1089
• Firm supporter of Papal Reform movement
• 10 Great Reforming Councils
  • 5 in 1070-76

Canon Law Abuses

1075 Council of London

• Simony

1076 Council of Winchester

• Clerical Marriage

Restructuring Church System

• 1070 Winchester
  • removed Stigand and other Anglo Saxon abbots
• 1075 London
  • Reformed parish structure
  • Stigand moved from Sesley to Chichester
  • Peter from Lichfield to Chester
• 1070: established the Primacy of Canterbury over all of Britain
  • Used to be equal to York

Church courts

• Established in the 1070s
• Matters related to the church cannot be trialed by laymen judges
• instead must be trialed by churchmen

Architectual Reform

• Canterbury Cathedral rebuilt into Romanesque style
• Developed further from Canterbury into Durham, Winchester, Gloucester
• Visual symbol of Norman rule over England

According to Carpenter

• Principal aim was to ensure the church worked in enthusiasm and devotion to the spiritual welfare of its flock

Personal Faith

Man of faith

• Knew his life as a Warrior-Statesman risked his soul

Commission of Cathedrals and Monasteries

• Battle Abbey
  • To atone for bloodshed at Hastings
• Church of St Stephens
• 2 Abbeys
  • To thank God for permission of marriage to Matilda
• Caen was made a more important religious city

Blood ties to the church

• Half brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux

Saw the AS church as a source of wealth and power

• Wanted his men to control the church
• At first moved cautiously
  • Needed church support to confirm legitimacy

According to Carpenter

• Reforms were a way to thank God for giving William England

Interaction with Papacy

Alexander II

• Good terms with William
• Valued William's support for spiritual reform
• Provided the Papal Banner
  • Made the invasion of England Godly in purpose
  • Similar to a Crusade
• William restored the payment of the Peter's Pence
• 1070
  • Alexander sent legates to re-crown William and depose English Bishops (Winchester)
    • Useful in getting rid of some English prelates and sanctioning

Gregory VII

• Determined to expand papal authority
  • Brought about a different relationship with the papacy
• Determined William to pay fealty to the papacy
  • William had no desire to diminish control over kingdom nor his church and people
  • Agreed to continue to pay the Peter's Pence
• Remains respectful in his tone as evidenced by letters
  • Describes Gregory as "Most exited Pastor"